U1

1. disaster 2. compelled 3. historical 4. disciplined 5. destruction 6. output 7. retreat 8. abandoned 9. trace 10. eternal 11. investment 12. transfer 13. justify 14. nonetheless 15. contributions 16. accelerate 17. threaten

?

1. show signs of 2. called upon 3. off limits 4. in fear of 5. slow down 6. cut down 7. from head to foot 8. come by 9. lost out 10. As yet 11. reside in

IN CREASING YOUR WORD POWER

smoke + fog; web + log; breakfast + lunch ;medical + care ;motor + hotel;? net + citizen ;science + fiction; work + alcoholic

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Anthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs

Archaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, and weapons

Ecology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundings

Geology: the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the world

Ideology:?a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on

?Musicology: the study of the history and theory of music

Psychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour

Sociology: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour

Zoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour

?

1. collective individual

2. consistent contradictory

3. constructive destructive

4. irrational rational

5. modern primitive

6. natural synthetic

7. nearby distant

8. optimistic pessimistic

9. replaceable irreplaceable

10. small enormous

GRAMMAR REVIEW

1. She wished us health and success in the new year.

2. He asked how we were getting along with our work.

?3. Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.

4. Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.

?5. He asked John how long he had been waiting for them. 6. She said I needn't have done all that myself.</

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(2)

1. The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.

2. He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.

3. He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.

4. My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.

5. He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.

6. The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.

7. Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.

8. The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from his company.

?CLOZE

?(1) realm (2) elemental (3) obtain (4) stubbornly (5) transferred (6) transformed (7) subdued (8) expansion (9) irreplaceable (10) extinct (11) dynamic (12) verge (13) moderate (14) ecological (15) rational

TRANSLATION

1.???The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.

?2. In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.

?3. This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.

4. Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.

5. The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.

6. The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.

7. At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles.

?8. The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV. 9. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.

10. We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.

?

?

Human brings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.

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My Understanding of Environmental Protection

?Man and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct. We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.